Hoʻolauna i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi ma muli o ka Nitrogen no ka Nylon

Hoʻolauna i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi ma muli o ka Nitrogen no ka Nylon

Hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, non-corrosiveness, thermal a me UV paʻa, maikaʻi ke ahi-retardant maikaʻi, a me ke kumu kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kā lākou drawbacks e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻole i ka matrix polymer. ʻO MCA (melamin cyanurate), melamine, a me MPP (melamin polyphosphate) nā mea hoʻopaneʻe ahi maʻamau no ka nylon.

ʻO ka mīkini pale ahi e pili ana i ʻelua mau ʻano:

1. "Sublimation and Endothermic" Physical Mechanism: Hoʻemi ka lapalapa ahi i ka wela o ka ʻili o ka mea polymer a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka ea ma o ka sublimation a me ka lawe ʻana i ka wela.
2. Catalytic Carbonization and Intumescent Mechanism in the Condensed Phase: Hoʻopili ka mea pale ahi me ka nylon, e paipai ana i ka carbonization pololei a me ka hoʻonui.

Hōʻike ʻo MCA i nā hana ʻelua i ke kaʻina hana pale ahi, e hāpai ana i ka carbonization a me ka huʻa. ʻOkoʻa ka mīkini pale ahi a me ka pono ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nylon. Hōʻike nā haʻawina e pili ana iā MCA a me MPP ma PA6 a me PA66 e hoʻoulu kēia mau mea pale ahi i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma PA66 akā hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka PA6, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana pale ahi ma PA66 ma mua o PA6.

1. Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo MCA mai ka melamine a me ka cyanuric acid i loko o ka wai, e hana ana i kahi hoʻohui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hydrogen. He mea hoʻopaʻa ahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā polymers nylon. Eia nō naʻe, he wahi heheʻe kiʻekiʻe ka MCA kuʻuna (decomposing a sublimating ma luna o 400°C) a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā resins i loko o ke ʻano ʻāpana paʻa, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻole a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana nui, e hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka maikaʻi o ke ahi. Hoʻohui, hana nui ʻo MCA i ka pae kinoea, e hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka char haʻahaʻa a me nā papa kalapona pale ʻole i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana.

No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana molecular composite e hoʻololi i ka MCA ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi mea hoʻohui flame-retardant additive (WEX), e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka helu heheʻe o MCA, e hiki ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe hui ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi loa me PA6. Hoʻonui pū ʻo WEX i ka hana char i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka papa kalapona a hoʻoikaika i ka hopena condensed-phase flame-retardant o MCA, a laila e hana ana i nā mea pale ahi me ka hana maikaʻi loa.

2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ahi (IFR)

ʻO ka IFR kahi ʻōnaehana pale ahi ʻole halogen nui. ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi halogenated ʻo ia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka uahi haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻole i ka wā puhi. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka papa char i hoʻokumu ʻia e IFR ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka polymer kuni, ka pale ʻana i ka kulu a me ka laha ʻana o ke ahi.

ʻO nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka IFR:

• Kumu kinoea (melamin-based compounds)
• Kumu ʻakika (phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants)
• Puna kalapona (nylon pono'ī)
• ʻO nā mea hoʻohui synergistic (e laʻa, zinc borate, alumini hydroxide) a me nā mea anti-dripping.

I ka manawa o ka lakio nui o ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants i ka melamine-based compounds:

• Ma lalo o 1%: ʻAʻole lawa ka hopena pale ahi.
• Ma luna o 30%: Loaʻa ka Volatilization i ka wā o ka hana.
• Ma waena o 1%–30% (ʻoi aku ka nui o 7%–20%): ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi maikaʻi loa me ka ʻole e pili ana i ka hiki ke hana.

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