Nā ʻOhana pale ahi no nā lole
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea pale ahi i nā huahana mea kūʻai aku e hoʻokō i nā kūlana lapalapa no nā lako, nā lole, nā mea uila, a me nā huahana kūkulu e like me ka insulation.
Hiki i nā lole pale ahi ke ʻano ʻelua: nā olonā pale lapalapa maoli a i ʻole i mālama ʻia me kahi kemika pale lapalapa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lole he mea lapalapa loa a hōʻike i kahi pōʻino ahi ke ʻole lākou e mālama ʻia me nā mea pale lapalapa.
ʻO nā mea pale ahi he hui like ʻole o nā kemika i hoʻohui ʻia i nā huahana lole e pale ai a hoʻopaneʻe paha i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi. ʻO nā ʻohana nui o nā mea pale ahi e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ana i ka ʻoihana lole: 1. Halogens (Bromine a me Chlorine); 2. Phosphorus; 3. Nitrogen; 4. Phosphorus a me Nitrogen
Hoʻohana ʻia nā BFR e pale aku i nā ahi i nā mea uila a me nā lako uila. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā pā o nā TV a me nā monitor kamepiula, nā papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia, nā kaula uila a me nā huʻa insulation.
I ka ʻoihana lole, hoʻohana ʻia nā BFR i nā uhi hope o ka lole no nā pale, nā noho a me nā lako hale i uhi ʻia. ʻO nā laʻana he Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) a me Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).
He mau ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā BFR i ke kaiapuni a aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i nā pilikia o kēia mau kemika i ke olakino lehulehu. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā BFR. I ka makahiki 2023, ua hoʻonui ʻo ECHA i kekahi mau huahana ma ka papa inoa o SVHC, e like me TBBPA (CAS 79-94-7), BTBPE (CAS 37853-59-1).
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia māhele i nā polymers a me nā olonā cellulose lole. ʻO nā mea pale ahi organophosphorus halogen-free ma ke ʻano kūikawā, hoʻohana ʻia nā triaryl phosphates (me ʻekolu mau apo benzene i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi hui i loaʻa ka phosphorus) ma ke ʻano he mau koho ʻē aʻe i nā mea pale ahi brominated. Hiki i nā mea pale ahi organophosphorus i kekahi mau hihia ke loaʻa pū ka bromine a i ʻole chlorine.
ʻO ke kūlana palekana o nā mea pāʻani EN 71-9 e pāpā ana i ʻelua mau mea pale ahi phosphate kikoʻī i nā mea lole i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea pāʻani i manaʻo ʻia no nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mea pale ahi ʻelua i nā mea lole i uhi ʻia me nā plastics e like me PVC ma mua o ka lole lole ponoʻī. ʻO ka Tri-o-cresyl phosphate, ka tricresyl phosphate ʻawaʻawa loa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o ka tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea pale ahi nitrogen ma luna o ka melamine maʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā mea i loaʻa mai ia mea, ʻo ia hoʻi nā paʻakai me nā waikawa organik a inorganic paha. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka melamine maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he mea pale ahi no nā hua polyurethane palupalu e pale ahi ana no nā lako hale i uhi ʻia i loko o nā hale, nā noho kaʻa/kaʻa a me nā noho pēpē. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i loaʻa mai ia mea melamine ma ke ʻano he FR i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā lako uila a me nā lako uila.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea pale ahi me ka manaʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o nā lole.
E hōʻoia i kēlā e pale aku i nā mea pale ahi i kaupalena ʻia a pāpā ʻia paha. I ka makahiki 2023, ua helu ʻo ECHA iā Melamine (CAS 108-78-1) ma SVHC
ʻO nā mea pale ahi halogen ʻole ʻo Taifeng i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka Phosphorus a me ka Nitrogen no nā lole a me nā olonā.
Hāʻawi nā hoʻonā halogen-free Taifeng no nā lole a me nā olonā i ka palekana ahi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilikia hou ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui hoʻoilina weliweli. Hoʻokomo pū kā mākou mōhai i nā mea pale ahi i hana kūikawā ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā olonā viscose/rayon a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe no ka pale ʻana i nā lole a me ka ʻili hana. I ka wā e pili ana i nā lole uhi hope, hiki i ka dispersion mākaukau e hoʻohana ke kū i ke ahi ma hope o nā pōʻaiapuni holoi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo.
Ka palekana ahi kūpono, nā pono koʻikoʻi o kā mākou hopena no nā lole a me nā olonā.
Hana ʻia ka lole pale ahi e ka mea pale ahi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.
papa lole pale ahi: pale ahi manawa pōkole, pale ahi hapa-mau a me ka pale ahi paʻa (mau loa).
Ke kaʻina hana pale lapalapa manawa pōkole: e hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻopau pale lapalapa wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e like me ka ammonium polyphosphate wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻopili like ma luna o ka lole ma ke kuʻu ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka palaki ʻana a i ʻole ka pīpī ʻana, a pēlā aku, a e loaʻa iā ia ka hopena pale lapalapa ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana. He kūpono ia no ka hoʻokele waiwai a maʻalahi hoʻi e lawelawe ma nā mea ʻaʻole pono e holoi pinepine ʻia a holoi pinepine ʻia paha, e like me nā pale a me nā pale lā, akā ʻaʻole ia e kūʻē i ka holoi ʻana.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena APP hoʻoheheʻe wai 10%-20%, ua maikaʻi ʻo TF-301, TF-303. He moakāka ka hopena wai a he pH kūlike. Wahi a ke noi pale ahi, hiki i ka mea kūʻai ke hoʻololi i ka nui.
Ke kaʻina hana pale lapalapa hapa-mau: ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i ka lole i hoʻopau ʻia ke kū i 10-15 mau manawa o ka holoi mālie a loaʻa mau ka hopena pale lapalapa, akā ʻaʻole ia e kū i ke kopa wela kiʻekiʻe. He kūpono kēia kaʻina hana no ka lole hoʻonaninani kūloko, nā noho kaʻa kaʻa, nā uhi, a pēlā aku.
Hāʻawi ʻo TF-201 i kahi mea pale lapalapa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka phosphorus, ʻaʻohe halogenated, kūpono i ke kumukūʻai no nā uhi lole a me nā uhi. He kūpono nā TF-201, TF-201S, TF-211, TF-212 no ka uhi lole. ʻO ka lole pale lapalapa hapa-mau. Nā halelewa waho, nā kāpeti, nā uhi paia, nā noho pale lapalapa (loko o nā kaʻa, nā waʻa, nā kaʻaahi a me nā mokulele) nā kaʻa pēpē, nā pale, nā lole pale.
Hoʻonohonoho i kuhikuhi ʻia
| ʻAmoniun | ʻEmulsion Acrylic | Luna Hoʻopuehu | Mea Hoʻopau Hue | Mea Hoʻomānoanoa |
| 35 | 63.7 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
Kaʻina hana hoʻopau pale ahi paʻa: Hiki i ka helu o nā holoi ʻana ke piʻi aʻe ma mua o 50 mau manawa, a hiki ke kopa ʻia. He kūpono ia no nā lole i holoi pinepine ʻia, e like me nā lole pale hana, nā lole kinai ahi, nā halelewa, nā ʻeke, a me nā mea o ka hale.
Ma muli o ka lole pale ahi e like me ka lole Oxford pale ahi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻā, kūpaʻa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, pale wela maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe heheʻe, ʻaʻohe kahe, a ikaika kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia huahana i ka ʻoihana kūkulu moku, ka hoʻopili ʻana ma kahi o ke kila nui a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mana uila, nā lako pale no ka hoʻopili kinoea, ka ʻoihana kemika, ka metallurgy, keaka, nā hale kūʻai nui, nā supermarkets, nā hōkele a me nā wahi lehulehu ʻē aʻe me ka ea waena, ka pale ahi a me nā lako pale.
He maikaʻi nā TF-211, TF-212, no ka lole paʻa e pale ana i ka lapalapa. Pono e hoʻohui i kahi uhi pale wai.
Nā kūlana pale ahi o nā lole textile ma nā ʻāina like ʻole
ʻO nā lole pale ahi e pili ana i nā lole e hiki ke kinai koke i loko o 2 kekona o ka waiho ʻana i kahi lapalapa hāmama ʻoiai inā e hoʻā ʻia e kahi lapalapa hāmama. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea pale ahi, aia ʻelua ʻano o nā lole pale ahi ma mua o ka mālama ʻana a me nā lole pale ahi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole pale ahi hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe pono i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi, ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole pale ahi ma nā wahi lehulehu e hiki ke pale aku i nā pohō hou aʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole pale ahi hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe pono i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi, ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole pale ahi ma nā wahi lehulehu e hiki ke pale aku i nā pohō hou aʻe. ʻO nā koi hana puhi o nā lole ma koʻu ʻāina ua manaʻo nui ʻia no nā lole pale, nā lole i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wahi lehulehu, a me nā loko o ke kaʻa.
Kūlana pale ahi lole Pelekane
1. He kūpono ʻo BS7177 (BS5807) no nā lole e like me nā lako hale a me nā moena ma nā wahi lehulehu ma UK. Nā koi kūikawā no ka hana ahi, nā ʻano hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi. Ua māhele ʻia ke ahi i ʻewalu mau kumu ahi mai 0 a 7, e kūlike ana i ʻehā mau pae pale ahi o nā pōʻino haʻahaʻa, waena, kiʻekiʻe a me nā pōʻino kiʻekiʻe loa.
2. He kūpono ʻo BS7175 no nā kūlana pale ahi mau loa ma nā hōkele, nā wahi hoʻokipa a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i piha i ka poʻe. Pono ka hoʻāʻo e hala i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻano hoʻāʻo o Schedule4Part1 a me Schedule5Part1.
3. He kūpono ʻo BS7176 no nā lole uhi lako, e pono ai ke kūpaʻa ahi a me ke kūpaʻa wai. I ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, pono ka lole a me ka hoʻopiha e hoʻokō i ka Schedule4Part1, Schedule5Part1, ka nui o ka uahi, ka ʻawahia a me nā hōʻailona hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe. He kūlana pale ahi ʻoi aku ka paʻa no nā noho padded ma mua o BS7175 (BS5852).
4. Pili ka BS5452 i nā uhi moe a me nā uluna ma nā wahi lehulehu Pelekane a me nā lako hale i lawe ʻia mai. Pono lākou e pale pono i ke ahi ma hope o 50 mau manawa o ka holoi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo.
Moʻo 5.BS5438: Nā lole moe keiki Pelekane BS5722; Nā lole moe Pelekane BS5815.3; Nā pale Pelekane BS6249.1B.
Kūlana Pale Ahi o ka lole ʻAmelika
1. He kūlana pale ahi hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CA-117 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAʻole ia e koi i ka hoʻāʻo ma hope o ka wai a pili i ka hapa nui o nā lole i hoʻouna ʻia aku i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
2. ʻO CS-191 ke kūlana pale ahi maʻamau no nā lole pale ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hana ahi lōʻihi a me ka ʻoluʻolu o ke komo ʻana. ʻO ka ʻenehana hana maʻamau he ʻano hana synthesis ʻelua-ʻanuʻu a i ʻole he ʻano hana synthesis multi-ʻanuʻu, nona ka ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe a me ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia o ka loaʻa kālā.
