ʻO ka Polypropylene (PP) UL94 V0 a me ka V2 Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ahi

ʻO ka Polypropylene (PP) UL94 V0 a me ka V2 Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ahi

ʻO ka Polypropylene (PP) kahi polymer thermoplastic i hoʻohana nui ʻia, akā ʻo kona flammability e kaupalena i kāna noi ma kekahi mau kula. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi like ʻole o ka lapalapa ahi (e like me UL94 V0 a me V2 mau māka), hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea pale ahi e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana o ka lapalapa o PP. Aia ma lalo iho kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī i nā formulations PP flame-retardant no nā māka UL94 V0 a me V2, me ke koho ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi, hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, ʻenehana hana, a me ka hoʻāʻo hana.

1. Introduction to UL94 Flame Retardancy Ratings

ʻO UL94 kahi kūlana flammability i hoʻomohala ʻia e Underwriters Laboratories (UL) e loiloi i ka pale ʻana o ka lapalapa o nā mea plastik. Loaʻa nā helu hoʻopaʻa ahi maʻamau:

• V0: ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi, e koi ana i nā laʻana e hoʻopau iā ia iho i loko o 10 kekona i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ahi kū pololei me ka ʻole o ka ʻā ʻana i ka pulupulu me ka kulu.
• V2: He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lapalapa ahi, e ʻae ana i nā laʻana e hoʻopau iā ia iho i loko o 30 kekona i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ahi kū i ka wā e ʻae ana i ka kulu ʻana i ka pulupulu.

2. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo PP Pākuʻi Paʻa V0

Pono ʻo V0 flame-retardant PP i ka pale ʻana i ka lapalapa maikaʻi loa, maʻamau i loaʻa ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana.

2.1 Koho ʻana i ke ahi

• ʻO nā mea pale ahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: E like me ka decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDPO) a me ka tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), e hāʻawi ana i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaiapuni.
• ʻO nā mea pale ahi ma muli o ka Phosphorus: E like me ka ammonium polyphosphate (APP) a me ka phosphorus ʻulaʻula, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi.
• ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi intumescent (IFR): Loaʻa i kahi kumu ʻakika, kumu kalapona, a me ke kumu kinoea, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ke ahi.
• Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) a i ʻole Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)₃): ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi inorganic maikaʻi, akā koi ʻia nā pae hoʻouka kiʻekiʻe.

2.2 Hoʻokumu maʻamau

• PP Resin: 100phr (ma ke kaumaha, like ma lalo).
• ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi (IFR): 20–30phr.
• Magnesium Hydroxide: 10–20phr.
• Agena Anti-Dripping: 0.5–1 phr (e laʻa, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE).
• Lubricant: 0.5–1 phr (e laʻa, zinc stearate).
• Antioxidant: 0.2–0.5 ph.

2.3 Nā Hana Hana

• Huihui: Hoʻohui like i ka resin PP, nā mea pale ahi, a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi huila kiʻekiʻe.
• Extrusion & Pelletizing: E hoʻohana i ka māhoe-screw extruder ma 180–220°C e hana i nā pellet.
• Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia: E hoʻoheheʻe i nā pellets i mau ʻano hoʻāʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe injection.

2.4 Hoao Hana

• UL94 Ho'āʻo Puhi Vertical: Pono nā laʻana e hoʻokō i nā koi V0 (e hoʻopau iā ia iho i loko o 10 kekona, ʻaʻohe pulupulu hoʻā ʻia mai nā kulu).
• Hoao Mechanical Properties: E noʻonoʻo i ka ikaika tensile, ka ikaika hopena, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā mea pono i nā koi noi.

3. Hoʻolālā Hoʻolālā PP ʻAi ʻAi Paʻa V2

ʻO V2 flame-retardant PP he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā koi pale ahi a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka lapalapa ahi haʻahaʻa.

3.1 Koho ʻana i ke ahi

• ʻO nā mea pale ahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: E like me DBDPO a i ʻole TBBPA, e koi ana i nā huina liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ai ka V2.
• ʻO nā mea pale ahi ma muli o ka Phosphorus: E like me ka phosphorus ʻulaʻula a i ʻole phosphates, e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻonā eco-friendly.
• Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) a i ʻole Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)₃): Pili kaiaola akā makemake i nā hoʻouka kiʻekiʻe.

3.2 Hoʻomumu maʻamau

• PP Resin: 100phr.
• Pale ʻAi ʻAi Brominated: 5–10phr.
• Antimony Trioxide (Sb₂O₃): 2–3phr (ma ke ʻano he synergist).
• Agena Anti-Dripping: 0.5–1 phr (e laʻa, PTFE).
• Lubricant: 0.5–1 phr (e laʻa, zinc stearate).
• Antioxidant: 0.2–0.5 ph.

3.3 Nā Hana Hana

• E like me ka hana V0-grade (ka hui ʻana, extrusion, injection molding).

3.4 Hoao Hana

• UL94 Ho'āʻo Puhi Vertical: Pono nā laʻana e hoʻokō i nā koi V2 (hoʻopau iā ia iho i loko o 30 kekona, ʻae ʻia ke kahe ʻana).
• Hoao Mechanical Properties: E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono hana.

4. Hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā hoʻohua V0 a me V2

4.1 Hoʻouka ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi

• Pono ʻo V0 i nā hoʻouka kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, 20–30phr IFR a i ʻole 10–20phr Mg(OH)₂).
• Pono ʻo V2 i nā ukana haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, 5-10phr brominated flame retardants).

4.2 ʻO ka hoʻoemi ʻana i ke ahi

• Hāʻawi ʻo V0 i ka pale ahi maikaʻi no nā koi koʻikoʻi.

4.3 Pono Mechanical

• Hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā mea hana V0 i nā waiwai mechanical (e laʻa, ka ikaika o ka hopena, ka ikaika tensile) ma muli o ka mea hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka hana ʻana o V2 ​​i ka hana mechanical.

4.4 Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni

• Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohua V0 i nā mea hoʻopaneʻe ahi ʻoluʻolu (e laʻa, IFR, Mg(OH)₂).
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike V2 i nā mea pale ahi brominated, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kaiaola.

5. Nā Manaʻo Hoʻolālā Hoʻolālā

5.1 ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ahi

• ʻO ka hui pū ʻana i nā mea pale ahi like ʻole (e laʻa, IFR + Mg(OH)₂, brominated + Sb₂O₃) hiki ke hoʻonui i ka retardancy lapalapa a hoʻemi i ka hoʻouka ʻana.

5.2 Hoʻololi i ka ʻili

• ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi inorganic (e laʻa, Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃) hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana me PP, hoʻonui i nā waiwai mechanical.

5.3 Hoʻoponopono Hoʻoponopono

• ʻO ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻāpana extrusion/injection (ka wela, ke kaomi, ka wikiwiki o ka screw) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopuehu like ʻana a pale i ka degradation.

6. Ka hopena

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o V0 a me V2 flame-retardant PP formulations e pili ana i nā koi kūʻē ahi a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi.

• Nā hoʻohua V0hoʻohana maʻamau i nā mea hoʻopaneʻe ahi ʻoi loa (e laʻa, IFR, Mg(OH)₂) a me ka synergism i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻokō i nā kūlana paʻa.
• Nā hoʻohua V2hiki ke hoʻokō i ka haʻahaʻa o ka lapalapa ahi me nā mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi (e laʻa, brominated flame retardants).

Ma nā noi kūpono, pono e kaulike nā mea e like me ke kūpaʻa ahi, ka hana mechanical, ka hopena o ke kaiapuni, a me ke kumukūʻai no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻenehana hana.

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