ʻO ka hopena o ka Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants i ka pale ahi o nā lole.

ʻO ka hopena o ka Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants i ka pale ahi o nā lole.

Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka palekana, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea pale ahi ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻOi aku i ka ʻoihana textile, pili pono ka pale ahi o nā lole i ka palekana o nā ola a me nā waiwai. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou i wahi wela no ka noiʻi ʻana ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai pale ahi maikaʻi loa a me ka launa ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Ke ʻimi nei kēia ʻatikala i ka hopena o ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants i ke kūpaʻa ahi o nā lole mai nā hiʻohiʻona he nui, e hui pū ana i nā ʻāpana huahana kikoʻī a me nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua e nānā i kā lākou hana ma nā noi kūpono.

1. ʻO ka manaʻo nui o ka Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants
   1.1 Ka wehewehe a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hoʻopale ahi phosphorus-Nitrogen
   ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi ʻo Phosphorus-nitrogen he papa o nā pūhui i haku mua ʻia me ka phosphorus a me ka nitrogen ma ke ʻano he mau mea pale ahi. Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻolālā kemika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen a me nā mea pale ahi phosphorus-nitrogen inorganic. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen ka mea nui i nā phosphates, phosphoramides, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, aʻo nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen inorganic i loko o ka ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, etc.

1.2 Mechanism-Retardant Flame Mechanism of Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants
ʻO ka mīkini pale ahi o ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano:
• Hoʻopaneʻe ka lapalapa o ke kinoea: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka phosphorus a me ka nitrogen free radical, hiki ke hopu i nā radical manuahi ikaika i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana, a laila e hoʻopau i ka hopena o ke kaulahao hoʻopau.
• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lapalapa o ke ahi: Hoʻokumu nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen i kahi papa char paʻa i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka oxygen a me ka wela, a me ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi.
• Ka hopena synergistic: ʻO ka Phosphorus a me nā mea nitrogen e hana synergistically i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana pale ahi, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono.

1. Nā ʻano o ka Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants
   2.1 Aloha Kaiapuni
   ʻAʻole hana nā mea ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻino i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ammonium polyphosphate (APP), kahi mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen inorganic maʻamau i ka ʻoihana lole ma muli o kona ʻona haʻahaʻa, halogen-free, a me ka uahi ʻole.

2.2 Kiʻekiʻe Efficiency
Loaʻa nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou i nā hopena pale ahi maikaʻi loa ma nā pae hoʻohui haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 5% ammonium polyphosphate hiki ke hoʻonui i ka palena o ka oxygen index (LOI) o nā lole mai 18% a ma luna o 28%.

2.3 Ka lōʻihi
Hōʻike nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou i ka pale holoi maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka wā. Paʻa mau kā lākou hana pale ahi ma hope o ka holoi ʻana he nui a me ka ʻike lōʻihi i nā kaiapuni kūlohelohe.

1. ʻO ka hopena o ka Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants i ke ahi pale ʻana o nā lole.
   3.1 Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka Papa kuhikuhi Oxygen (LOI)
   He metric koʻikoʻi ka helu helu oxygen palena no ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana pale ahi o nā mea. Papa 1 ka papa helu LOI o kekahi mau lole maʻamau ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants novel.

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, hiki i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou ke hoʻonui nui i nā waiwai LOI o nā lole, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka LOI i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui.

3.2 Ka Hoʻokuʻu Wela (HRR)
ʻO ka helu hoʻokuʻu wela e ana i ka wikiwiki i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wela i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 i nā pihi HRR o ka lole pulupulu ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou.

Mai ka Kiʻi 1, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants e hōʻemi nui i ka HRR o ka lole pulupulu, e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wela i ka wā e puhi ai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana pale ahi.

3.3 Puhi Uhi
ʻO ka nui o ka uahi i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana. Papa helu 2 i ka nui o ka uahi o ka lole maʻamau ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea pale ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou.

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, hiki i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou ke hoʻemi nui i ka nui o ka uahi o nā lole, hoʻemi i ka hana ʻana o ka uahi i ka wā e puhi ai a hoʻonui i ka palekana.

1. Hana ʻia o Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardants ma nā noi maʻamau
   4.1 Hoomaemae ahi o na lole lole
   Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants i ka mālama ahi ʻana i nā textiles. No ka laʻana, i nā lole pale ahi, nā ʻaʻahu koa, nā lole moe o nā keiki, a me nā lole lole kūikawā ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohui i kēia mau retardants hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke ahi, e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka mea hoʻohana.

4.2 Lapaau Paa ahi o na Lako Hale
I loko o nā mea kūkulu hale, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou i nā pale ahi a me nā papa ahi hiki ke hoʻonui i ko lākou mau palena pale ahi, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ke ahi.

4.3 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pale ahi i nā huahana uila
I nā huahana uila, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou i nā mea e like me nā papa kaapuni a me nā kaula. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻohui ke pale pono i nā ahi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaapuni pōkole, e mālama ana i nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻohana.

1. Ka holomua o ka noiʻi ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē
   5.1 Ka holomua o ka noiʻi kūloko
   Ua hana nui nā mea noiʻi kūloko i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻomohala kahi hui noiʻi o ke kulanui i kahi mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen organik hou. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lole pulupulu i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 5% o ka retardant i hoʻonui i ka LOI ma luna o 30%, me ke kūpaʻa holoi maikaʻi loa.

5.2 Holomua noiʻi honua
Ua loaʻa pū i nā mea noiʻi honua nā hopena koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻomohala kahi hui honua i kahi mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen inorganic. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka lole polyester i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 10% o ka retardant i hoʻonui i ka LOI ma luna o 35%, me ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o ka nui o ka uahi.

1. Nā kuhikuhina hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana
   6.1 Hana nui
   I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao no ka novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants he multifunctionality. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā retardants me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe e like me antibacterial, anti-mold, a me anti-static hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono noi like ʻole.

6.2 Nanotechnology
ʻO ka noi ʻana o ka nanotechnology e lawe mai i nā manawa hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi phosphorus-nitrogen hou. Hiki i ka hana Nanoscale ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopuehu a me ke kūpaʻa o nā retardants, e hoʻonui hou i ko lākou pono.

6.3 Nā mea hoʻopaneʻe akamai
ʻO ka hana akamai kekahi ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea pale ahi naʻauao e hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻokoʻa i kā lākou hana e pili ana i ka mahana o ke kaiapuni e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā noi kūpono.